Splines

When you start working with Garment Maker, you begin either by importing or drawing traditional 2D splines in the 3ds Max Top viewport. To use a spline with Garment Maker and eventually Cloth, it must be a closed shape. This does not mean that you cannot have splines inside of splines, but if you have multiple spline shapes inside of one another, the inner splines are treated as "holes" in the fabric, as shown below.

Two closed splines - one with a nested spline inside

Resulting geometry after applying Garment Maker

Also, to keep your patterns precise, no rounding of boundary edges and corners, you must break the splines at the corner vertices. This is also important because it directly impacts the segments of the splines that are to be used to create seams between the individual panels. To understand this better, take a look at the following example.

In the image below are two rectangular splines to which a user might want to apply Garment Maker. After applying Garment Maker, the idea is to then create a seam between the two panels along the inner edge. First, it should be noted that both splines are closed shapes and have been attached so they are part of the same editable spline object.

When Garment Maker is assigned, look what happens:

Garment Maker seems to have "chopped" corners of the rectangular splines off, altering the pattern. Beyond that, if the user tried to select the edges of the panels that make up the seam, they will not be able to. This is because Garment Maker currently has only a single spline to work with for each panel.

To keep the pattern clean, do the following:

1. Access the Vertex sub-object level of the editable spline.
2. Select the vertices where the seams should be.
3. Click Break to create unique segments that Garment Maker can use to create a seam.

Shown below are the results when all of the vertices are selected and then broken.

All vertices in both panels selected and then "broken"

Garment Maker applied to "broken" splines

The corners are now preserved. When the user goes to select the edges between the panels to act as seams, they will be selected independently of the other panel edges and highlight in red. This is what you want in order to create seams.

Seam edges selected at the Seam sub-object level in red

Garment Panels

Garment Maker's Panels sub-object level lets you arrange the panels of the pattern around the character. You can then create seams where the panels should connect and be "sewn" together. This lets you create the seams you need while seeing how the clothing will look around your character. Creating seams like this is in many cases far superior to making them in a flat layout because it allows you to visualize what is being done.

Arranged panels with seams defined

Pattern Creation

To make patterns you can use the basic 2D spline tools in 3ds Max. Cloth comes with several patterns, but after you learn to use them, you will most likely want to start making your own. Patterns can take advantage of many features that real sewing patterns have, such as darts and multi-segment seams. To learn about other pattern making software, see Pattern-Making Software.

Tricky Assemblies

As you begin to move beyond the basic patterns for your garments, there are a number of rules that you should follow in order to work effectively with Cloth:

• Always create your pattern splines in the Top viewport. Garment Maker assumes that the pattern is laid out this way.
• When seaming garments with MultiSegment edges, you must take care of the order in which the seams are made.
  NoteA MultiSegment comprises two or more individual segments acting as a single segment; you create it with Garment Maker.

When creating a seam you cannot use:

• A MultiSegment that has multiple gaps in it, unless all but one of those gaps are bridged by another seam.
• A segment or MultiSegment that forms a closed loop (that is, a path directly, or via seams, completely encloses the MultiSegment).

Both these issues arise in the common sleeve assembly shown below. The sleeve needs to be sewn to the armhole. When assembled, both the sleeve and the armhole form closed loops. The sleeve forms a loop via the seam along its underside. The armhole is closed by two seams: one across the shoulder and one down the side.

Now, since you cannot seam closed loops together, it therefore follows that both the armhole and sleeve must be left open when creating the seam connecting them. So the order is as follows:

1. Because the sleeve is one segment and the armhole is two segments, you must make a MultiSegment out of those two segments first.
2. When dealing with MultiSegment seams, the order of creation is important. If you attempt to create seams in the wrong order, you might get a “Seamline topology is wrong” error, and the seams will not be created. When dealing with MultiSegment seams, create the minimum number of seams necessary to make the MultiSegment seam match the topology of the other piece to that you are going to connect.

   In this case, you have an arm seam that is open at the bottom, and a MultiSegment that is open at both the top and the bottom. If you closed the side of the garment, you'd end up with the situation illustrated in the center image below, where the seam is twisted (it cannot be “untwisted” by reversing the seam). By closing the top of the armhole MultiSegment with a seam at the shoulder, you'll create proper topology to make the MultiSegment seam.

3. Next, you can seam up the sleeve to the armhole. See the leftmost image below.
4. Finally, you can add the seam down the side of the garment and across the underside of the sleeve (the order is irrelevant here).

Left: Seam created for shoulder first and then for the MultiSegment, producing the desired result.

Middle: Seam created at the bottom of the body MultiSegment first, resulting in an irreversible MultiSegment seam from the arm to the body.

Right: No seams made on the body to connect its MultiSegment, resulting in a seam topology error.

Internal Seam Lines

When drawing panels, you can use extra open splines to define seam lines within the panels, also known as internal seam lines. Triangulation always occurs along these internal seam lines, so you can use them to help define the structure of the cloth panel, and as crease lines. Also, you can specify that an internal seam line should be cut, so that the cloth separates along the line during the simulation.

To create an internal seam line, simply specify a Material ID of 2 for the internal spline, which should not be closed. Also, for best results, keep its endpoints away from other splines in the shape. And, as with outside seam lines, an internal spline should not cross over itself or other splines.

Left: Open spline, set to Material ID 2, specifies internal seam line.

Center: At Garment Maker Curves or Seams sub-object level, seam line is selected and Cut is turned on.

Right: Cloth separates along cut line during simulation.