An edge ring is a path of polygon edges that are connected in sequence by their shared faces. For example, if you select one vertical edge on a sphere, a ring selection selects all of the vertical edges along the same line of latitude on the sphere by selecting each successive edge that is adjacent to the selected edge.
Edge ring selections let you select several edges across a polygon mesh without having to select each edge individually.

There are several options for selecting an edge ring on a polygonal mesh in Maya. You can select:
For more information, see Edge ring and edge loop selection tips.
To select an edge ring on a polygonal mesh
The selected polygon mesh highlights in a blue color to indicate edge selection mode.

When you double-click on an edge of the mesh, a ring of selected edges appears across the mesh in either direction from the edge you select. For example, if you double-click a single vertical edge on a sphere comprised of four-sided faces (quads), the ring selection feature selects the adjacent vertical edges on the adjacent shared faces and continues to select successive adjacent edges around the circumference of the sphere.
The Select Edge Ring Tool indicates the partial ring selection by selecting any edges that exist between subsequent edges you select.

The Select Edge Ring Tool indicates the partial ring selection by selecting any edges that exist between the edges you’ve previously selected.
For example, selecting the Move Tool to move the selected edge ring, selecting Edit Mesh > Extrude to extrude the selected edge ring, or converting the edge ring selection to faces.
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on the desired edge.
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on the portion of the selected region.
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