Ambient Occlusion

Ambient occlusion is a technique which adds visual realism to the image without being physically correct. The ambient occlusion result can be used to darken concave areas, which human eye perceives as indirect illumination shadows, or contact shadows. The advantage of ambient occlusion is its computational speed. As it does not require any shading and may be computed with very short rays, the performance may be significantly higher than for final gathering.

Ambient occlusion is enabled by default. However, no actual computations will happen until requested by further settings or by shaders. The ambient occlusion cache is set off by default. In this mode, only shaders which call for ambient occlusion values will initiate computation on demand. If no such shaders exist in the scene, there is no overhead compared to the rendering of scenes with ambient occlusion turned off. In case the ambient occlusion caching is enabled then mental ray will perform computations before rendering starts, to fill the cache, and re-generate its content in every frame of an animation.

The global defaults for ambient occlusion settings can be specified as scene options or on the mental ray command line. Most of these values can be overwritten by a shader.

The ambient occlusion caching may be enabled for the current rendering to gain overall speed. In this case, several passes will be computed. In the first pass, some ambient occlusion points are created on a coarse grid. Subsequent passes refine the grid adaptively. The grid layout is derived from the current view so that grid points projected into screen space align with the pixels in the final image. The density of the grid is determined by the cache density setting, which specifies the upper bound for the number of ambient occlusion points per pixel. Increasing the image resolution without adjusting the density will indirectly increase the size of the cache to retain quality. During tile rendering, ambient occlusion values are interpolated from several ambient occlusion points closest to the lookup location. The number of points to be used for interpolation determines the smoothness of the result, and can be adjusted with the cache points setting.